The people's revolution won, and in 1924, the first constitution was adopted, Mongolia was named the Mongolian People's Republic, the capital was named Ulaanbaatar, the land area was determined to be 104 hectares, settlements such as Hiagt, Hovd, and Uliastai were made the cities of Mongolia, and 115 large settlements were included in the province. The decision to centralize the administrative and cultural affairs of Sumy was the first germ and legal document of the concept of establishing a settlement city as a form of world civilization.

As a result:

First: Administration, culture, education, and medical buildings were built in Khuree Monastery as the population settled in large numbers.

Second: A small settlement was established with the population's daily industry and service points and coal mining facilities.

Thirdly: The problems of water sources, building materials, and roads were basically solved.

Fourth: Zaya district - Arvaikheer city, Murung district - Murun city, Sanbeis district - Choibalsan city, Ulaamgom district - Ulaamgom city, Zasagt Khan district - Altan city, Tsetsen Khan district - Olgo Khan city were reorganized and started their activities.

In 1926, the Department of People's Administration established a construction cooperative, a design group was established under it, and four brick factories with manual kilns, several lime kilns, and an alabaster factory were put into operation. At this time, the implementation of the 1921 and 1925 programs of Mongolia's social and economic development and the country's industrialization policy was in full swing, and the Stadium, Khaara Distillery, Tsagaanbula Lime Plant, Ulaanbaatar Power Plant, Central Industrial Council House, Ulaanbaatar Tannery, Industrial facilities such as combine, Khatchy woolen factory, and Nalaikh coal mine were built.

This is how the history of modern architecture and urban development in Mongolia began and was influenced by the flow of modern constructivism. The urban development of the socialist system, with buildings consisting of radically different elements that are incompatible with each other, such as the Central Bank, the Ministry of Internal Defense, the Film Industry Building, the Industrial Combine, the Central Power Plant, the Wool Washing Factory, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Radio Affairs Committee, etc. started. Along with this, the population in the capital city, Khiagt, Hovd and Uliastai has increased dramatically. Mongolians, who used to herd cattle in the past, suddenly started to build buildings, and faced difficulties such as the lack of knowledge and experience in construction work, especially the lack of construction materials, tools, construction techniques, and machinery. At that time, building materials were transported by camels and horses. Another problem was the study of earthquakes, hydrology, geology, local building materials, building climate, weather and air to be considered for construction. In this way, the foundation of the national industry was laid, and the national working class was first formed, and the inevitable task of solving their social problems appeared.

However, coinciding with this period, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union initiated and implemented the "New Revolution Policy", surrounded and destroyed the monks, and completely banned the activities of Ulaanbaatar's Gandantekchilen Monastery, Golin White Temple, Dechingalb Datsan, and Ochirdaryi Temple. This was a great tragedy in the history of Mongolia in the 20th century when the king stifled the people's right to worship and the freedom of worship.

The most serious of these are the Tsogchin Dugan in the capital, which was made in 1654 by a blacksmith known for Mongolian architecture, and the grand Maidar Temple with its unique architectural design built in 1834 for the eighty-cubic-foot Maitreya Buddha, the Tsogchin Dugan in the East, and the Tsogchin Dugan in Gandang. More than 700 major mosques were completely destroyed, leaving a tragic history of the nation that will never be recovered. The destroyed artistic buildings were structures built with wood, stone and bricks based on the tectonics of the Mongolian house, square and round multi-faceted temples, castles and monasteries with architecture. , the number of rooms, the structure, the location, the rhythm of the colors, and the size of the goods and shadows were luxurious structures that absorbed the country's social and political structure, ideology, people's religion, work life, customs, and cultural heritage.

The period of 1940-1960s, when the goals of democratic evolution in Mongolia were basically fulfilled and the stage of socialist revolution was reached.

In 1940, the 10th Congress of the People's Party of People's Republic of China revived the activities of the Gandantekchilen monastery meeting book and established Bayan-Olgii, Bainhongor, Dundgov, Sukhbaatar, provinces, taking into account the interests of the national minorities. Also, by the decision of the Yalta Conference in 1945, the independence of the People's Republic of China was confirmed at the international level, and as a result of the Unification Movement, a considerable part of the population, who were engaged in nomadic animal husbandry, settled in small settlements. In this context, a food industry combine was established in Bulgan, Khuvsgul, Arkhangai, Overhangai, Zavkhan, Khentii, Hovd, and Dornod provinces, and three electric mills were established in Ulaanbaatar. In this way, the food industry and the socialist sector of agricultural production were established in Mongolia. The fact of this is that in rural areas, the primary units of urban settlements with a system of settled civilization were the soums, collectives, and fund farming centers. Also, at this time, people began to move to the organization of towns and families, where people herded livestock by moving along the pastures.

Since the 1960s, Mongolian buildings have taken the form of simple BOX architecture.

In this way, urbanization or urbanization began in rural areas, and the center of Sum became the main center of social, political, and cultural education of the rural population. In such settlements, housing and public buildings such as housing, administration, schools, kindergartens, clubs, kindergartens, hospitals, hotels, and commercial services have been built, and a residential area with a home neighborhood has been created.

At the same time, the local towns, which were the centers of the province, had a small population, and the main type of activity they engaged in was livestock production. Therefore, there were basically no cultural, educational, social buildings and industrial buildings there. So, there was basically no spatial architecture to speak of in these cities, sums, and settlements. It is directly related to the characteristics of local socio-economic development.

However, at this time, the sketch of "redevelopment of the center of Ulaanbaatar" was developed in the Soviet Union's "GIPROGOR" institute with the participation of our oldest architect N. Chimed, and it was implemented in the early 1950s. When deciding on the layout of Chinggis Square (former Sukhbaatar Square) according to the outline, the Government Palace building was placed in the center of the square along with the mausoleums of D. Sukhbaatar and H. Choibalsan, the statue of Sukhbaatar was erected in the center of the square, and the Altai Hotel, Eldev- It is planned to build a movie theater named after Ochir, a drama theater in the south-west, a university in the north-east, parallel to the printing plant (Palace of Science and Technology) in the east, the State Central Theater and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs buildings in the south-east. In keeping with the tradition, he came up with the idea of ​​keeping it open facing south to Bogd Mountain.

The green area of ​​Bogd Mountain is considered to be a landscape architecture with a recreational environment in order to change the microclimate of the urban space. According to the outline, the west, north, and east sides of Chinggis Square are surrounded by roads, and 2 branch roads are created that form a vertical axis to Marshal Choibalsang's building on the left and Buyant-Ukhaa Airport on the right. The greenery of Bogd Mountain, the park, the Bunhant podium, Sukhbaatar statue, roads, and the classical architectural buildings that make up the city center all combine to form an open complex spatial system of "LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE" of the city center. The overall scale of this ensemble, the volume of the built buildings, the shape and capacity of the space, the art tools that decorate them, the color, and the difference of light and shade still maintain the organic quality of the architectural space of the city center today, but unfortunately, the open space of the traditional architecture that was originally created The idea of ​​making it a distance environment has not been implemented.

1960-1990, when Mongolia became a member of the United Nations and the Economic and Social Development Committee, and the development of the socialist system, was the period of the new revolution.

At this time, our national experts, engineers and architects build the building according to symmetry, make it majestic, big, strong and stable, open windows and doors on the shady side with a lot of wind and dirt, turn the windows and doors to the sunny warm environment and plan to reduce heat loss. National methods of considering environmental conditions in planning have been mastered. Also, in 1961, a decree of the leaders of the National People's Congress issued a new definition of a city as a centralized settlement with more than 60,000 permanent residents, where the majority of the population works in fields other than agriculture.

One of the major processes in urban development and architectural development since 1960 is urbanization. This period is a characteristic period of the development of architecture and urban development during the period when the socialist production relationship was formed and the revolution of turning the country from an agricultural country to an agricultural-industrial country and then an industrial-agricultural country intensified. From this period, the development of urban areas accelerated and they were systematically developed on the basis of the long-term general plan. In the project, the territory of the residential area of ​​the city will be built as a residential area with schools, kindergartens and cultural services. That is why 40, 50,000, 120, 220,000 residential neighborhoods, as well as II, XV, XIX, XVI, IV, V, X, XI, XIII, VI residential neighborhoods were built in Ulaanbaatar in 1962-1987. These neighborhoods brought people into a sense of self, included them in a unified political, economic and cultural space and changed the silhouette of the old city. The 5th, 9th, and 12th-floor apartments in the V, VI, X, XI, and XIX residential districts were built to create an interesting spatial architectural environment based on the circulation system. Also, the architectural space of the III and IV quarters was placed in the form of a wall with a unique appearance, skipping the 12-story apartment building with a service point on the first floor, and placing it open on the Bogd mountain side, which created an interesting silhouette of the architectural space. But later, in the empty space of these neighborhoods, chaotic additional settlements with unimpressive streets and squares, such as blocks, rows and clusters, closed and open, homogenous and mixed, rectangular and intersecting, were formed, which changed the architectural meaning of the space. it cannot be denied that it was lost.

Although the buildings of the neighborhoods are called "BOXY" architecture and create a boring environment, they cannot be ignored. The city's modern spatial architecture and majestic big-picture appearance are truly found in these neighborhoods. On the other hand, thanks to these neighborhoods, the country has solved its socio-economic problems at a reasonable level and solved their social problems by bringing the people out of housing poverty. However, we cannot hide the fact that the problems of social services have become more difficult when Mongolian families with many families have moved into apartments where few families live.

When building neighborhoods, the proportions of each building, the rhythm of the rows, the type of facade partition, the shape of the building windows, the aesthetic elements of the facade such as lodges, tacts, bay windows, the back and forth of the facades, their shading, the materials used, colors, and surface textures are taken into account. It cannot be denied that it has a certain influence on the architecture of the distance and the appearance of the city. At the same time, 13 residential complexes with 5-9 storey buildings were built in Darkhan and Choibalsan cities. Furthermore, buildings such as the Monument of Soviet Warriors in Zaisan, the Lenin Museum, the House of Ider Technicians, the Youth Culture Center, the Cultural Center of the National People's Congress, the Museum Complex of Revolutionaries, the Central House of Culture, the Palace of Marriage Ceremony, the Central Children's Park, and the Soviet Science and Technology Palace The placement of nodes at nodes is an interesting and unique solution to the architecture of the given space.

In these years, more than 160 sum settlements, such as Gurvan Tes in Umbnogov, Ulagoshirit in Central Province, Ulaantolgoit in Bulgan, Sansar, Atar, Comfdlol, Orkhontuul, Nomgon, and Friendship Farm, have taken a significant place in the history of urban development and architecture in Mongolia. Darkhan city, Erdenet and Baganuur mining towns were built and put into operation with international aid. Also, the "Megapolis" system of urban development, which started from the capitalist system and is now in a state of disintegration, cities such as Sukhbaatar, Darkhan, Dzungharaa, Orkhon, Sharyn Gol, Shaamar, Mandal, Choir, Sainshand, Zamin Uud, urban-style settlements, and water supply centers were connected by railways and It is connected in the form of a chain along the road and is developing.

Thus, in this historical period of turning the country into an agricultural and industrial country, the characteristics of the architectural development of urbanization activated in our country are:

For one. In view of the industrialization of the country, the discovery and use of natural mineral deposits, the development of tourism and road transport networks, and the wide-scale goals:

a/. Gold, fluorspar, coal, and other minerals were mined in Shary Gol, Khajuu Red, and Berkh mining settlements.

b/. Settlements such as railway and border transit ports and railway junctions such as Zamyn-Uud, Dzhunbayan, Sharyn Gol and Mandal have been established.

w/. Settlements such as Khuvsgol White Lake, Buir, Tunkhel, and Dulaman Khan have been established for forestry and fishery with factories for exploitation of natural resources, rivers and forest resources.

g/. Tourist settlements such as Khujirt and Zhanchivlan of spa resorts have been established. In this way, more than 20 large city-style settlements and more than 60 small settlements were established, which is a unique pattern of urban settlements in the development of urban architecture in our country.

A distinguishing feature of these urban settlements is that the population is engaged in non-agricultural activities.

Second. The actual step taken in the direction of intensification of the country's agricultural production by cooperative farmers was the acquisition of vast land. As a result, housing and cultural service buildings with engineering networks were built in more than 30 water and sanitation centers, which created agricultural industrial complexes with a unique architecture of regional production space.

Third. Due to the influence of Soviet architecture, urban areas were built as if they were cast in one mold, without considering the local nature and climate and the aesthetic demands of people from the mid-60s. In this way, another story begins, where the artistic composition of architecture becomes boring, the appearance of residential and public buildings, and the architecture becomes a simple "BOX" architecture. This period is considered to be the time when the cities, which represent the greatness of the socialist state, expanded, and the architecture of the urban space was made into an orderly and integrated image with specific geometric shapes.

However, since 1990, when the transition to the market economy began, the spatial architecture of Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, and Erdenet cities was carried out by the owners of foreign and domestic capital markets, not the citizens of the city. It is a policy of strengthening nature by rebuilding and strengthening nature with technical power, with unprecedentedly unique designs of giant skyscrapers that indicate economic power. Also, in the name of the market, unorganized spaces and streets are being created where citizens have built arbitrary buildings on the allocated land, and the activities they started to satisfy their own needs have not been able to overcome. All this should be included in the city's integrated architectural policy. However, today, especially in Ulaanbaatar, the vertical and horizontal axes of the city are being boldly decentralized, creating an artificial garden landscape spatial architecture, which is improved by the harmony of the city's elements, and the living standard of the citizens is improved, resulting in a spatial architectural geometry with a unique rhythm and silhouette.

The mission of the government's policy on urban development is to create a coordinated system of localization and settlement of the population of Mongolia, to create a balanced development of the territory, to improve the planning of cities and villages, to create comfortable living conditions for the population, and to ensure the sustainable development of the country. 

Within the framework of this important goal, we are working on the following basic principles regarding urban development. It includes:

Ensuring Mongolia's national development strategy;

Ensuring the balance of population safety, natural ecology, economic and social development;

Ensuring equal interests of stakeholders in urban development activities;

Ensuring the coordination of urban development and land management, and efficient and appropriate ownership, use, protection, and rehabilitation of land.

According to the revision of the "Urban Development" Law approved in 2008, "Urban planning should reflect the principles of participatory planning in urban planning activities", "at least 30% of the total area included in the plan should be occupied by gardens, green structures, and parking lots", " requirements such as that the construction area should not be more than 70 percent, and "prohibition of construction of non-purpose buildings and activities that have a negative impact on the quality of the living environment of the population" are being legally enforced. These provisions of the law are applied to newly developed city and township development plans, partial general plans, building design drawings, and architectural planning tasks, and their implementation is being monitored through state expertise.